genocide
go to this site for a report on a modern day genocide that is similarly happening in aotearoa
http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-6637396204037343133&pr=goog-sl
http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-6637396204037343133&pr=goog-sl
posted by karenapuhi at 4:03 AM
1 Comments:
and talking bout germ warfare e hoa:
Captain Cook, Joseph Banks and smallpox
http://paradigmoz.wordpress.com/2007/02/27/captain-cook-joseph-banks-and-smallpo\
x/#more-108
This article is an oldie but a goodie, I wrote it a few years ago. I
thought I had already put it up on Paradigm Oz but I was wrong, so
here it is.
This is an article about covert biological warfare, Captain Cook and
Joseph Banks, about the deliberate infection of disease which spread
like wildfire accross the nation.
The historical context for the discovery of Australia was the defeat
and withdrawall of the British forces from America after a protracted
war with theFrench, the indigenous and the new white americans in
America and Canada as well as the French and spanish and others in the
global conflict. . Britain had sustained a tremendously expensive war
and the dillemma for its government and royalty was whether to defend
their colonies militarily at further expense or allow political
independance and attempt to develop trade advantage with the new
nation. Cooks voyages of discovery occured during the transition from
one to the other.
During the "French Indian war" in America, shortly before the
endeavour voyage. British troops, aided by some indigenous tribes
fought the french with support from other indigenous tribes, the
culmination of this was the taking of Quebec by the British in 1759 .
Some histories say that at this period Cook was the chief surveyor of
Newfoundland, exploring and chartmaking in groundbreaking scientific
pursuit. Some explicitly state that he had no part in the war effort.
Other histories tell a different story, for example, of Cooks nine
year military posting in Newfoundland this is said
"In 1756 he was made master and transferred to the "Pembroke", a 64
gun ship sent toAmerica to aid in the war there against France.
William Pitt's idea was to claim all of Canada for Britain. This
involved capturing Quebec. In order to do this, the St Lawrence river
needed to be navigated. This hadn't been attempted since 1711
resulting then in a total disaster. Under cover of darkness, though
constantly harried by the French and native indians, James Cook and
others took soundings and measurements along the St Lawrence. From
these figures they produced charts which enabled 200 ships to
successfully navigate the river and land troops under General Wolfe to
take Quebec."
http://www.jaredsmith.ndirect.co.uk/cook/early.htm
Another person who, most histories assert, was conducting
groundbreaking scientific pursuit in Newfoundland at the same time as
Cook was Joseph Banks. He kept no journal of his work in this time,
but on the basis of it he was admitted membership of the Royal Society
on his return. Later he was made president of the society on his
return from the Endeavour voyage, the journals of which he and the
Earl of Sandwich, sea lord and commander of the British fleet, edited
and published, taking great efforts to repress unauthorised
publications about the voyage.
Another person in the same place at the same time was Lord Jeffery
Amherst. Amherst was commander of the British forces in America.
Amherst went on to become governor of Virginia. His other claim to
history is he is credited as being the father of modern biological
warfare. In 1763 (a few years before Banks arrived but Cook was there)
Amhurst instructed his officers to infect blankets with the smallpox
virus and give them to the indians.
A letter from Colonel Henry Bouquet to General Amherst,commander of
British forces in America dated 13 July 1763, suggests in a postscript
the distribution of blankets to "inocculate the Indians"; Amherst,
replying to Bouquet, dated 16 July 1763, approves this plan in a
postscript and suggests as well as "to try Every other method that can
serve to Extirpate this Execrable Race." (This postcript spans two
pages.) . Readable photos of the letter, can be found on the internet,
http://www.nativeweb.org/pages/legal/amherst/lord_jeff.html
A fourth figure who was at the same time and the same place was Robert
Rogers, leader of Rogers rangers who armed and organised Mohawk
warriors to fight against the french. Rogers has been credited with
building a new model of covert guerrilla warfare that todays S.A.S.
are based upon and if I have read between the lines correctly, the
Australian native police were based on. Around about the same time,
(Cook and Banks in the same year) Cook, Banks and Rogers returned to
England. After a short period to prepare Cook and Banks set sail on
the Endeavour.
The Sea lord Earl of Sandwich and Banks were well aquainted and worked
together in planning the endavor voyage and the publication of the
voyages journals. They were both members of the Masons and the Royal
Society, as was Cook., Cook was admitted to the Royal Society after
his return from the endeavour voyage and his famous paper on scurvey
and sailor health was presented by John Pringle, a military surgeon
famous for his expertese with infectious diseases was also in the
french indian war.
One of Banks' fields of study and one, as president of the royal
society, he had an active role in funding and repressing work into
infectious diseases, especially smallpox. The Royal society (which
funded the endeavour voyage) funded the early research of Edward
Jenner who eventually invented successful vaccination. However when he
began experiments with cowpox, , Banks withdrew funding and threatened
him that his reputation would be demolished if he published his
research. He published his work privately which lead to the vaccine.
Edward Jenner' s work was contraversial because it challenged the
earlier work of Lady Mary Wortley Montague who developed an
innoculation (via cloth and blankets) which was 50% successful Lady
Mary Wortley Montague "discovered" innoculation, which was being
practiced in Turkey and China, while Travelling with her Husband,
Edward Wortly Montague, the uncle of John Montagu Sea lord Earl of
Sandwich. All three were members of the Hellfire club, an extremest
wing of the masonic movement. Lady Mary's daughter married Lord Bute,
who became George III's right hand man. In the light of all this
consider the following extract from Cooks journal of first contact
with Australian Aborigines, interestingly enough Banks Journal
conforms allmost word for word. . "A third musket with small shot was
then fired at them, upon which one of them threw another lance, and
both immediately ran away; if we had pursued we might probably have
overtaken one of them, but Mr Banks suggesting that the lances might
be poisoned, I thought it not prudent to venture into the woods. We
repaired immediately to the huts, in one of which we found the
children, who had hidden themselves behind a shield and some bark; we
peeped at them, but left them in their retreat, without their knowing
that they had been discovered, and we threw into the house, when we
went away, some beads, ribbons, pieces of cloth, and other presents,
which we hoped would procure us the good-will of the inhabitants when
they should return,���.
���We saw many houses (gunyahs) and places where they had slept upon
the grass, of which there is great abundance without any shelter but
we saw only one of the people, who, the moment he saw us, ran away. At
all these places we left presents, hoping that at last they might
procure confidence and good will." The medical knowledge of the time,
of which Banks was an expert, was that the virus can be stored in an
infectious state for a couple of years when it is dried out.
The use of blankets and hankerchiefs from smallpox sufferers, or cloth
smeared with pus from a sufferer was the method of experimental
innoculation, much of this testing being done on prisoners. Obviously
if these ribbon, pieces of cloth and other presents were deliberately
infected with smallpox this aspect would not be included in the
official journal. This somewhat puzzling gift giving in the midst of
armed conflict could be explained as a naive diplomatic gesture or it
could explain the biological warfare methodology of infecting a target
populations. Banks and Cook, in their journals, express dissapointment
upon returning to the battle scene that the Aborigines avoided
touching the presents.
Joseph Banks , despite only minimal contact with healthy Aborigines,
returned to England celebrating the prospects for development in
Australia, insisting that the Aborigines are dying out and almost
extinct. This was the argued basis for Terra Nullius. On this first
voyage Cook visited many places in the Pacific including Australia,New
Zealand, and Tahiti. On his second voyage he sailed past Australia but
stopped at New Zealand, Tahiti and Fiji. Again on his third and fatal
voyage he sailed past Australia to New zealand and Tahiti and on to
discover Hawaii where the locals ate him for his efforts. Despite
tremendous publicity and excitement in England about Australia,
primarily whipped up by Joseph Banks, Cook, on his second and third
voyage seemed to avoid Australia like the plague, so to speak.
Nearly twenty years after George III and The Earl of Sandwich sent
Cook and Banks to discover the southern land The first fleet set sail
for Botany Bay, the very place where Cook gave his first gifts.
Despite two voyages to the region in those years which bypassed
Australia, Britain was confident enough to establish the colony Banks
was one of the key archetects and administrators of the New colony. I
find it curious that Banks visited Newfoundland briefly as the British
were packing the last of its bags in America after carving up of the
known world by European powers in the treaty of Paris. He then
returned with Cook and Rogers then became the most influential man in
establishing the colony in Australia. The most historians seem to know
of this period is it is where Banks got his botanical training.
The epidemics that hit this country after invasion indicate biological
warfare may have been a factor. The maladministration of health
services was the biggest factor. As we have seen the colonial
administrators were well aware of infection research, health regimes,
and vaccination, they would clearly have understood the consequences
on the indigenous population. Whether deliberate or coincidental the
South African Apartheid system and the Australian reserve systems have
created hot houses of infection quarantined against vaccinated white
society. These were also centres for blanket distribution. All
aboriginal health services were administered by the police. Forced
removal of Aborigines infected with a whole range of diseases to
distant reserves ensured the maximum infection of the indigenous
population. Is this a wild conspiricy theory? If there is a grain of
truth in it, like all covert military operations, the hard evidence
will have been destroyed and sanitised histories presented.
John Tracey
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